Madison (1), 236 slaves. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Texas, Slave Owners]] . If they died, the boss did not suffer a monetary loss. Most slaves, however, supplemented their basic diet with sweet potatoes, garden vegetables, wild game, and fish and were thus adequately fed. The number likely would have been larger but for the attitude of the Mexican federal and state governments. Section 107 related to Copyright and Fair Use for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to utilize copyrighted materials to further scholarship, education, and inform the public. Houston, Texas 77004, African American Genealogical Interest Group There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. [17] In 1827, the legislature of Coahuila y Tejas outlawed the introduction of additional enslaved people and granted freedom at birth to all children born to an enslaved person. Brewer, John Mason. Slave auction in Austin, Texas, circa 1850-1860. Texan forces executed one runaway taken prisoner and resold another into slavery. 25 percent. Slaves were increasing faster than the population as a whole. Sugar and cotton plantations. Basically if we did that then wed have to rewrite American history because most public officers particularly, our first president, George Washington, owned enslaved people, Berry says. The evidence is strong, however, that in Texas slaves were generally profitable as a business investment for individual slaveholders. African-, Afro-Americans throughout the Americas / Black History - Master Project, Black Washingtons of Pope's Creek Plantation, Virginia, Somerset Place Plantation, North Carolina, 9 of the Biggest Slave Owners in American History, Standing in Way of Alabama Walmart: Slave Graves. Settlements grew and developed more land under cultivation in cotton and other commodities. Some enslaved people became ministers, but their masters often tried to instruct them in what they were supposed to preach. [8] There was intermarriage among blacks, Indians and Europeans. J. Harleston Read of Georgetown, South Carolina: 511 slaves. The customs officers offered the enslaved people for auction, and Bowie would buy them back. The governors feared the growth in the Anglo-American population in Texas, and for various reasons, by the early 19th century, they and their superiors in Mexico City disapproved of expanding slavery. WebI believe it to be written in the late 19th to early 20th century and I provide it here as a historical article on slavery. WebAn 1857 notice advertised the sale of two likely negroesa man named Strut and a woman named Rachel to be held at the courthouse door in Corsicana, Navarro County, Texas, to settle an estate. In 1860, mass hysteria ensued after a series of fires erupted throughout the state. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. In fact, at the turn of the 18 th century, Marie Therese was one of the richest ladies in Louisiana. The promise of ultimate deliverance helped many to resist the psychological assault of slavery. WebLists of Slave owners with names of slaves 781-----Edward, 660 Michael, 735 Adam, Andrew George, 425, 498, 533, 621 Guy, 498 Jack, 729 Lucy, 729 Peter, 533 Sam, 621 "The Texas Slave Insurrection of 1860," by William White. [19] In 1832, the state passed legislation prohibiting worker contracts from lasting more than tenyears. When searching, pay close attention to other individuals with the same surname. Trying to get around the Gulf Coast, they built five barges, but in November 1528 these went aground off the coast of Texas. For a complete list, please see: American slave owners Project Profiles. [40] As early as 1836, Texas slaveholders sent representatives to Matamoros to try to reclaim their runaways, but Mexico refused. [43] Later newspaper accounts revealed that most of what was confessed under torture appeared to be false. Daina Ramey Berry is a professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin, and says addressing ones lineage of slavery is difficult, but ORourkes response helped bring the issue out into the open. Sources Taken from Szucs, Loretto Dennis, "Research in Census Records." See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Abraham Kuykendall 5 5. Brazoria County, for example, was 72 percent slave in 1860, while north central Texas, the area from Hunt County west to Jack and Palo Pinto counties and south to McLennan County, had fewer slaves than any other settled part of the state, except for Hispanic areas such as Cameron County. 5.2 Cemeteries. Sugar. The white primary was another way to exclude African Americans from making electoral decisions, and it was not overturned by the Supreme Court until 1944 in Smith v. Allwright. In part due to the trade in enslaved people, New Orleans was the fourth largest city in the US in 1840 and one of the wealthiest. [9] Of these, only 15 were enslaved, 4males and 11females. Samuel Edney 1 Web1800 Slave Owners 1. endstream
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<. Slavery formally ended in Texas after June 19, 1865 (Juneteenth), when Gen. Gordon Granger arrived at Galveston with occupying federal forces and announced emancipation. The census in Currently, there are only plantations listed for Chicot County, Jefferson County, Ouachita County, and Phillips County. Most of the early slaveholders owned only a few enslaved people, but a few brought enough to build plantations immediately. To circumvent the law, numerous Anglo-American colonists converted their enslaved people to indentured servants, but with life terms. See also AGRICULTURE, AFRICAN AMERICANS, CIVIL WAR, RECONSTRUCTION, and SLAVE INSURRECTIONS. They often made matches with slaves on neighboring farms and spent as much time as possible together, even if one owner or the other could not be persuaded to arrange for husband and wife to live on the same place. Slavery was thus a constant source of tension in the lives of slaveholders. [34] Unlike in most southern cities, the number of urban enslaved people in Texas grew throughout the 1850s. By 1865 there were an estimated 250,000enslaved people in Texas. Marie Therese Metoyer. The Comanche sold any captured enslaved people to the Cherokee and Creek in Indian Territory, as they were both slaveholding tribes. FS Library 973 D25ngs. Most runaways attempted to go to Mexico. Other FamilySearch collections not included: More collections are available in the FamilySearch Catalog. The cotton industry flourished in East Texas, where enslaved labor became most widely used. Planters had hundreds of enslaved people arrested and questioned forcefully. WebThe 1783 census for all of Texas listed a total of 36 enslaved people. Negro Legislators of Texas and Their Descendants: a history of the Negro in Texas Politics from Reconstruction to Disfanchisement. 3 (Sep., 1898) (pp. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. The first non-Native slave in Texas was Estevanico, a Moor from North Africa who had been captured and enslaved by the Spanish when he was a child. Categories: Texas, Slavery | United States of America, Slave Owners. Cotton. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. WebJoseph Marryat (17571824), owned slaves in Grenada, Trinidad, St. Lucia, and Jamaica. Before The Guardian interviewed him for the story, he said neither he nor Amy knew that side of their heritage. Thomas Love 7 4. The census for 1840 in Henderson County included 4,662 whites, 466 slaves, 35 free blacks. The Mexican government was opposed to slavery, but even so, there Phone: (214) 565-9026, African American Community Archives Program, Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc.Willie Lee Gay - H-Town Chapter11100 Braesridge, Suite 2202Houston, Texas
[email protected], Houston Museum of African American Culture Schedule No. 3 Vol. 1 Introduction. 389-412)Page Count: 24, Texas Runaway Slave Project. Slaves increased their minimal self-determination by taking what they could get from their owners and then pressing for additional latitude. As is apparent from the attached list of slave owners on this web site, many people in the county who owned slaves only had one or two. [5], Both the civil and religious authorities in Spanish Texas officially encouraged freeing enslaved people, but the laws were often ignored. Instead, slaves exercised a degree of agency in their lives by maximizing the time available within the system to maintain physical, psychological and spiritual strength. Slavery was a complex institution that varied according to time and place. Andrew Lyda 3 8. [48], On some plantations, many enslaved people left immediately after hearing of the emancipation, even if their former owners offered to pay them wages. They knew that they controlled their own bodies and therefore were free to move about as they chose and not be forced to labor for others. The progress of the Civil War did not drastically affect slavery in Texas because no major slaveholding area was invaded. In 1860, the Methodists claimed 7,541enslaved people among their members in Texas. [33], Although most enslaved people lived in rural areas, more than 1000 resided in both Galveston and Houston by 1860, with several hundred in other large towns. In 1850 the number was 2,852. Col. Joshua John Ward of Georgetown, South Carolina: Truly giant slaveholders such as Robert and D. G. Mills, who owned more than 300 slaves in 1860 (the largest holding in Texas), had plantations in this area, and the population resembled that of the Old South's famed Black Belt. WebCategory: Texas, Slave Owners. WebThe slaves who remained on properties in South Carolina are counted on the South Carolina reports. Slavery in Texas was not a matter of content, well-cared for servants as idealized in some views of the Old South. Andrew J. Torget, Seeds of Empire: Cotton, Slavery, and the Transformation of the Texas Borderlands, 1800-1850 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015). Elisha Worthington of Chicot, Arkansas: 529 slaves. In part this limited autonomy was given by the masters, and was taken by slaves in the slave quarters which provided them resilience to assert self-determination within the confine of bondage. Moreover, individuals with family ties were probably more easily controlled than those who had none. John Butler of McIntosh, Georgia: 505 slaves. Box 12446 Slave plantations were concentrated along the low-lying farmlands of East Texas. It was Sarah Devereux that kept the plantation producing after Julien's death. Instead, the majority recognized all the controls such as slave patrols that existed to keep them in bondage and saw also that runaways and rebels generally paid heavy prices for overt resistance. Angelina County, Texas, Slave Owners. At first, the practice involved primarily Apaches; eventually Comanche children were likewise "adopted" as servants. The low wages the enslaved person would receive made repayment impossible, and the debt would be inherited, even though no enslaved person would receive wages until age eighteen. The son of Capt. Others simply called their enslaved people indentured servants without legally changing their status. [54] The drop in proportion of population reflected greatly-increased European immigration to the state in the 19th century, as well as population growth. For the time being, we are using this as the Slavery Plantation umbrella or portal. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Texas where they held enslaved persons. Salas. In cases where African Americans registered, their race is specified as "colored." laws in Texas. I think thats what was interesting about his response, is that he didnt acknowledge that there was a history there, and that was brought out, and we know a lot more about his family history and about the enslaved people his family owned, Berry says. After slavery, African Americans went on to establish towns in Texas. J. C. Jenkins of Wilkinson, Mississippi: 523 slaves. We need your support because we are a non-profit organization that relies upon contributions from our community in order to record and preserve the history of our state. A survey of Texas in 1834 found that the department of Bexar, which was mostly made up of Tejanos, had exported no goods. This did not mean that the majority of slaves were content with their status. Only one in every four families in antebellum Texas owned slaves, but these slaveholders, especially the planters who held twenty or more slaves, generally constituted the state's wealthiest class. Anderson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Austin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bastrop County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Bexar County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Bosque County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Brazos County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Burleson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Caldwell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Cass County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Chambers County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cherokee County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Collin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cooke County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Dallas County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), DeWitt County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Ellis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Falls County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Fannin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Fayette County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Fort Bend County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Freestone County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Galveston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Gonzales County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Grayson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Guadalupe County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 1), Harris County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Harrison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 6, 1), Hays County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Hill County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Hopkins County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Houston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Johnson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Kaufman County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Lavaca County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Leon County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Madison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Marion County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Matagorda County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), McLennan County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Milam County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Montgomery County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 5, 0), Nacogdoches County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Navarro County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Nueces County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Panola County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Polk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Red River County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Rusk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Sabine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), San Augustine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Shelby County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 9, 3), Smith County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Tarrant County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Titus County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Travis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Tyler County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Upshur County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Walker County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Washington County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Wharton County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0).