office of the principal legal advisor

In keeping with this emphasis on removing cases from the docket, OPLA attorneys are to move affirmatively to dismiss cases without prior management approval or concurrence from a represented respondent or his or her counsel. Cases for which administrative closure may be most appropriate include, for example, where illness of the noncitizen currently prevents their participation in removal proceedings to pursue a form of relief not otherwise available to them where the illness is expected to resolve in the foreseeable future. OPLA attorneys may also consider agreeing to continuances, keeping in mind more efficient forms of prosecutorial discretion than repeated continuances to accommodate adjudication of any ancillary applications.. The .gov means its official. Otherwise, where practitioners determine that a particular form of PD is warranted, whether it be dismissal, stipulation to factual or legal issues, or a joint motion to reopen, advocates are encouraged to engage with OPLA attorneys and urge such action. A weekly compilation of engaging digital content. Before joining the Office of the Legal Adviser, Mr. Visek worked at the U.S. Department of Justice and at the law firm of Hogan & Hartson in Washington, DC. Check out our Help page. However its main purpose and taking a majority of its time and An official website of the United States government. Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, Washington, D.C. (Arlington) 1901 S. Bell Street Suite 900 Arlington, VA 22202 (703) 235-2700 Mailing Address: 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5907 Washington, D.C. 20536-5907 Atlanta - OPLA Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, Atlanta 180 Ted Turner Drive, SW, Suite 332 Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, Boston Area of Responsibility: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont Who we are Tag Office of the Principal Legal Advisor Show on HSI International Operations No Field Office Location JFK Federal Building 15 New Sudbury Street, Room 425 Boston, MA 02203 United States Citizenship And Immigration Services Ombudsman, This page was not helpful because the content, DHS/ICE/PIA-036 OPLA Case Management System. Field Office Location. The memo encourages OPLA attorneys to focus United States(585) 344-6600, 10 Causeway Street Fax: (617) 565-7422, JFK Federal Building Irving, TX 75062. Return to the SAM.gov home page. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Open Continuous: This announcement will remain open until 06/08/2023 Cut-off dates for referral to hiring managers for selection consideration will be established as needed by WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, Washington, D.C. (Sterling) Mailing Address: 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5906 Washington, D.C. 20536-5906 Area of Responsibility: District of Columbia, West Virginia, and Virginia (Sterling Immigration Court) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, Los Angeles (Santa Ana) A weekly compilation of engaging digital content. An official website of the United States government. Episode 5: What's it like to be a special agent with HSI? These lawyers are also sometimes called trial attorneys, or TAs. WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, New York Area of Responsibility: Long Island, New York City, and Southern Counties Who we are Tag Office of the Principal Legal Advisor Show on HSI International Operations No Field Office Location 26 Federal Plaza, Room 1130 New York, NY 10278 United States (212) 436-9100 Check-In Office No The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Field Legal Operations, or FLO, is OPLAs largest component and includes the 25 field locations across the United States. If the problem persists or you can not still look up something, or to report a website issue, please contact Federal Help Desk. The Community Engagement Office has a cadre of 25 community relations officers (CROs) in field offices across the United States who serve as liaisons to the public, key stakeholders and ICE leadership. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. However, there is still further to go. These include national security law, immigration law, litigation, legislative and regulatory practice, international law, intellectual property, maritime safety and security, transportation security, border security, cybersecurity, fiscal and appropriations law, federal procurement, and environmental law. 125 E. John Carpenter Fwy., Suite 500. WebWelcome to ICE eService Registration. The SAC offices are responsible for the administration and management of all investigative and enforcement activities within the geographic boundaries of the office. United States. The SJA also serves as the principal ethics counselor and directs all legal services provided on Fort Lee, VA and all tenant activities located on this installation. New Office Of The Principal Legal Advisor jobs added daily. OPLA represents the agency before the Merit Systems Protection Board, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Board of Contract Appeals. WebThe Office is organized to provide direct legal support to the Department of State's various bureaus, including both regional and geographic offices (those which focus on specific areas of the world) and functional offices (those which deal with specific subject matters such as economics and business, international environmental and scientific The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Fax: (410) 962-3469, 31 Hopkins Plaza The new memo elaborates on ways government attorneys can implement that interim guidance. The Office of Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is a United States Department of Defense organization that provides legal advice to the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. A: OPLA is the largest legal program in DHS with over 1,100 attorneys. 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5906 The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is establishing a new information system called OCMS, which is a case and document management system supporting the general legal work and specialized immigration court litigation performed by OPLA personnel. The .gov means its official. WebPrincipal Legal Advisor Offices Last Reviewed/Updated: 01/03/2018 United States Arizona Tucson Sub-Office Office of Chief Counsel (Phoenix) 6431 S. Country Club Road Tucson , AZ , 85706 Phone: (520) 295-4167 Florence Detention Center Office of Chief Counsel (Phoenix) 3250 N. Pinal Parkway Avenue Florence , AZ , 85132 Phone: (520) 868-3081 Show on HSI International Operations. The previous ICE memo outlined those who are enforcement prioritiespeople who have been deemed a national security risk or a threat to public safety, and people who entered the United States after November 1, 2020. For questions regarding security clearances, please contact the Personnel Security Unit at [email protected]. Episode 5: What's it like to be a special agent with HSI? An official website of the United States Government, Office of Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for Ethics and Financial Disclosure, Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for International Claims and Investment Disputes, Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for Private International Law, Office of the Legal Adviser for Law Enforcement and Intelligence, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, Los Angeles Area of Responsibility: Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and Nevada Who we are Tag Office of the Principal Legal Advisor Show on HSI International Operations No Field Office Location 606 South Olive Street, 8th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90014 United States (213) 894-2805 Check-In Office No Given the emphasis placed on the affirmative dismissal of proceedings by DHS, practitioners representing noncitizens who want to proceed on their applications for relief in immigration court must be prepared to oppose dismissal when proposed by DHS. Buffalo, NY 14202 Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) welcomed the April 3, 2022, memorandum issued by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) Kerry Doyle intended to direct ICEs resources to the Administrations enforcement priorities, reduce backlogs, and ensure a fairer process. United States(760) 561-6460, 7619 Little River Turnpike Pursuant to statute, OPLA serves as the exclusive representative of DHS in immigration removal proceedings before the Executive Office for The .gov means its official. Combating cross-border criminal activity is a critical component of the overall safety, security and well-being of our nation. WebQ: What is the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor? Atlanta, GA 30344 Field Office Location. Due to ICE privacy restrictions, in order for ERO to share information with someone other than the subject of the request, the agency requires a signed privacy waiver or, for the noncitizens legal representative, a Form G-28, Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative. To ensure transparency and collaboration, ICE encourages its stakeholders to contact the agency with any questions or concerns: Requests, inquiries, and concerns may be submitted using the ERO Contact Form. ICE identifies and apprehends removable noncitizens, detains these individuals and removes illegal noncitizens from the United States. Area of Responsibility: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, JFK Federal Building a-. WebOPLA stands for Office of the Principal Legal Advisor. 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5902 United States, Phone: (716) 464-5900 Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. (972) 373-2300. Learn more about E&L, General and Administrative Law (G&AL): Harnessing the multi-disciplinary legal talents of a team specializing in contract law, ethics, employment law, fiscal law, government information and privacy law, and other administrative law practice areas, G&AL promotes ICEs compliance with related legal requirements and defends the agency from a variety of administrative litigation in these areas. OPLA attorneys should consider aggravating and mitigating factors, described in the Mayorkas Memorandum, in their analysis. Arlington, VA 22202 It only takes a moment to sign up. Such waiver of appearance may be warranted where OPLA deems an issue adequately addressed by motion or brief position statement. The .gov means its official. He received his BA from Stanford University, JD from Georgetown University, and LLM from Cambridge University. ICE identifies and apprehends removable noncitizens, detains these individuals and removes illegal noncitizens from the United States. OCMS is replacing OPLAs existing case management system, the General Counsel Electronic Management System. The Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is the largest legal program in DHS, with more than 1,300 attorneys and nearly 300 support personnel with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. ERO manages all aspects of the immigration enforcement process through the operation of 25 field offices nationwide that report to ERO headquarters. The Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is the largest legal program in DHS, with more than 1,300 attorneys and nearly 300 support personnel with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. Web3 The Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) was formerly known as the Office of Chief Counsel (OCC). Pursuant to statute, OPLA serves as the exclusive representative of DHS in immigration removal proceedings before the Executive Office for Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, Washington, D.C. (Arlington) 1901 S. Bell Street Suite 900 Arlington, VA 22202 (703) 235-2700 Mailing Address: 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5907 Washington, D.C. 20536-5907 Atlanta - OPLA Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, Atlanta 180 Ted Turner Drive, SW, Suite 332 Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) The new memo reinforces the necessity and importance of the exercise of prosecutorial discretiona practice that was essentially eliminated under the Trump administration. On April 3, 2022, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Principal Legal Advisor Kerry E. Doyle issued a memorandum to all ICE Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) attorneys providing guidance on exercising prosecutorial discretion (PD) in removal proceedings (Doyle Memorandum). WebTodays top 109 Office Of The Principal Legal Advisor jobs in United States. In doing so, the Doyle Memorandum rescinds and replaces the memorandum issued by former Principal Legal Advisor John D. Trasvia on May 27, 2021. Call 1-866-DHS-2-ICE to report suspicious activityReport Crime, Learn facts about U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. On May 27, 2021, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, Principal Legal Advisor John D. Trasvia issued a memo to ICE Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, or OPLA, attorneys providing interim guidance on exercising prosecutorial discretion in removal proceedings. The largest legal program in DHS, ICE's Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is the exclusive legal representative for the U.S. government in exclusion, deportation and removal proceedings before the U.S. Department of Justices Executive Office for Immigration Review. These lawyers are also sometimes called trial attorneys, or TAs. An official website of the United States government. OPLA is the name for ICE attorneys (lawyers) who represent ICE in deportation cases. OPLAs Headquarters Divisions are led by a Deputy Principal Legal Advisor (DPLA) for Enforcement and Litigation, a DPLA for General and Administrative Law, and a Chief of Staff. Pursuant to statute, OPLA serves as the exclusive representative of DHS in immigration removal proceedings before the Executive Office for Immigration Review, litigating all removal cases including those against criminal The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. A weekly compilation of engaging digital content. ERO is committed to transparency, collaboration and resolving concerns with community stakeholders. All of these are common sense changes that could help create a more fair, efficient, and humane immigration system. Mailing Address: A: OPLA is the largest legal program in DHS with over 1,100 attorneys. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. WebQ: What is the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor? Ostensibly its purpose is to provide legal advice to ICE on a wide range of issues, from employment law to customs law to immigration law. advocating for fair and just immigration policies that acknowledge the inherent dignity and value of all people. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. OPLA is the name for ICE attorneys (lawyers) who represent ICE in deportation cases. CLINIC trains legal representatives who provide high-quality andaffordable immigration legal services. He also serves as the Departments Designated Agency Ethics Official. ICE identifies and apprehends removable noncitizens, detains these individuals and removes illegal noncitizens from the United States. Suite 522 He also serves as the Departments Designated Agency Ethics Official. An official website of the United States government. The Doyle Memorandum explains how OPLA interprets three enforcement priority areas identified in the Mayorkas Memorandum: national security, public safety, and border security. United States(410) 637-4060, Buffalo Federal Detention Facility WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, Boston Area of Responsibility: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont Who we are Tag Office of the Principal Legal Advisor Show on HSI International Operations No Field Office Location JFK Federal Building 15 New Sudbury Street, Room 425 Boston, MA 02203 United States While the spirit of the memo, and prosecutorial discretion generally, suggests that attorneys can and should go beyond strict interpretations of the enforcement priority categories and apply a case-by-case analysis to assess whether a case deserves the exercise of discretion, the inclusion of the interim guidances enforcement priority categories makes this more difficult. Local Field Offices of OPLA have been directed to implement Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) dedicated to receiving PD requests from respondents. Next, the Doyle Memorandum directs OPLA attorneys to review their cases for indicia that the case falls within one of the three enforcement priorities. The Doyle Memorandum defines these terms in the following way: Priority A: Threat to National Security. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) eService is the electronic service of documents between the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) field locations and respondents, or their legal representatives, through a dedicated internet-based portal. The Office of the Principal Legal Advisor ( OPLA) is the legal office of U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement (ICE). He has taught courses in law at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC and at Tartu University in Estonia. United States, Area of Responsibility:Western, Central & Northern New York State, 250 Delaware Ave 125 E. John Carpenter Fwy., Suite 500. The Office of Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is a United States Department of Defense organization that provides legal advice to the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. Before law school she was the co-founder and international director for an international non-governmental organization based in the U.S. and the Middle East. Get information about how to check in with your local ICE Office here. Washington, D.C. 20536-5902, Area of Responsibility: District of Columbia and Virginia (Annandale Immigration Court), Mailing Address: Leverage your professional network, and get hired. 125 E. John Carpenter Fwy., Suite 500. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. 15 New Sudbury Street, Room 425 The OPLA also provides legal advice to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Vice Skip WebThe Office is organized to provide direct legal support to the Department of State's various bureaus, including both regional and geographic offices (those which focus on specific areas of the world) and functional offices (those which deal with specific subject matters such as economics and business, international environmental and scientific Episode 5: What's it like to be a special agent with HSI? 401 W. Peachtree Street, NW, Suite 2850 3rd Floor U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) eService is the electronic service of documents between the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) field locations and respondents, or their legal representatives, through a dedicated internet-based portal. Keeping in mind compelling discretionary factors in any given case, OPLA attorneys may take those appeals needed to seek clarity on an important legal issue or correct a systematic legal error but must do so judiciously. The Doyle Memorandum will be U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) eService is the electronic service of documents between the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) field locations and respondents, or their legal representatives, through a dedicated internet-based portal. The Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is the largest legal program in DHS, with more than 1,300 attorneys and nearly 300 support personnel with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcements (ICE) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) issued a new memorandum on May 27 that provides guidance on how its attorneys can and should exercise prosecutorial discretion. 4250 Federal Drive Please be aware that in choosing this mode of communication any sensitive personal information sent is not secure. Baltimore, MD 21201 Atlanta, GA 30303 Leverage your professional network, and get hired. The Doyle Memorandum will be Leverage your professional network, and get hired. Fax: (716) 464-6087. Episode 5: What's it like to be a special agent with HSI? The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is establishing a new information system called OCMS, which is a case and document management system supporting the general legal work and specialized immigration court litigation performed by OPLA personnel. WebOPLA stands for Office of the Principal Legal Advisor. Attorney General Merrick Garland has restored the ability of immigration judges to terminate removal proceedings in certain limited circumstances. Learn more about the OPLA COS portfolio, An official website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. He also serves as the Departments Designated Agency Ethics Official. Baltimore, MD 21202 Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. Enforcement and Litigation (E&L): Through close client engagement and specialized legal advice and counsel, E&L advances the ICE homeland security and public safety mission by enforcing our nations immigration, customs, and criminal laws and policies, defending the operational authorities and decisions of ICE officers and agents in the federal courts, and guiding and supporting the advocacy of ICE attorneys before the immigration courts and the Board of Immigration Appeals, with special emphasis on cases involving criminal aliens, human rights violators, and aliens who threaten our national security. WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, Washington, D.C. (Sterling) Mailing Address: 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5906 Washington, D.C. 20536-5906 Area of Responsibility: District of Columbia, West Virginia, and Virginia (Sterling Immigration Court) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, Los Angeles (Santa Ana) Irving, TX 75062 The Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is the largest legal program in DHS, with more than 1,300 attorneys and nearly 300 support personnel with diverse backgrounds and perspectives. United States(716) 464-5800, 250 Delaware Avenue, Suite 773 However, creating categories that presumptively exclude groups of people remains an obstacle to fully realizing a fair and humane system. Secretary of States Distinguished Service Award, and the Attorney Generals Distinguished Service Award. Check out our Help page. The memo also specifies when government attorneys should consider moving on their own to have a case dismissed or administratively closed. WebOffice of the Principal Legal Advisor, Los Angeles Area of Responsibility: Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and Nevada Who we are Tag Office of the Principal Legal Advisor Show on HSI International Operations No Field Office Location 606 South Olive Street, 8th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90014 United States (213) 894-2805 Check-In Office No WebWelcome to ICE eService Registration. Cases involving unrepresented individuals also are to be dismissed unless consultation with management, and the respondent concludes that another action would be more appropriate. SEVP is a part of the National Security Investigations Division and acts as a bridge for government organizations that have an interest in information on nonimmigrants whose primary reason for coming to the United States is to be students. WebOrganizational Location: These positions are located in the Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of the Principal Legal Advisor. If the problem persists or you can not still look up something, or to report a website issue, please contact Federal Help Desk. The largest legal program in DHS, ICE's Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) is the exclusive legal representative for the U.S. government in exclusion, deportation and removal proceedings before the U.S. Department of Justices Executive Office for Immigration Review. The Board agreed with policy guidance issued by U.S. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Batavia, NY 14020 Annandale, VA 22003 Get information about how to check in with your local ICE Office here. No. CROs are co-located throughout the country at either the Special Agent in Charge (SAC) or Field Office Director (FOD) field offices. SEVP is a part of the National Security Investigations Division and acts as a bridge for government organizations that have an interest in information on nonimmigrants whose primary reason for coming to the United States is to be students. Get information about how to check in with your local ICE Office here. An official website of the United States government. 6th Floor United States. United States(216) 749-9955, 250 Delaware Avenue, Floor 7 These include national security law, immigration law, litigation, legislative and regulatory practice, international law, intellectual property, maritime safety and security, transportation security, border security, cybersecurity, fiscal and appropriations law, federal procurement, and environmental law. Prior to being promoted into the Senior Executive Service, he served in L offices advising on issues related to law enforcement and intelligence, appropriations, and legislation. WE WILL PROTECT THE HOMELAND BY DILIGENTLY LITIGATING CASES WHILE ADHERING TO THE HIGHEST STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT, PROVIDING TIMELY AND ACCURATE LEGAL ADVICE, AND OPTIMIZING RESOURCES TO ADVANCE DHS AND ICE MISSIONS. WebHere are several suggestions to help you find what youre looking for: Try again your site search. Office of the General Counsel U.S. Department of Homeland Security 245 Murray Lane, SW Mail Stop 0485 Washington, DC 20528-0485 For petitions for rulemaking, by mail only: Attn: Regulatory Affairs Law Division Office of the General Counsel U.S. Department of Homeland Security 245 Murray Lane, SW Mail Stop 0485 Washington, DC Office of the Legal Adviser January 20, 2021 - Present Richard C. Visek joined the Department of States Office of the Legal Adviser in 1999 and became a Deputy Legal Adviser in 2011 and the Principal Deputy Legal Adviser in 2016. He has taught courses in law at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC and at Tartu University in Estonia. or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcements (ICE) Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) issued a new memorandum on May 27 that provides guidance on how its attorneys can and should exercise prosecutorial discretion. United States(703) 235-2700, Mailing Address: The Doyle Memorandum implements the Sept. 30, 2021, guidance issued by Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (Mayorkas Memorandum). These SOPs will describe the specific steps practitioners should take locally to request PD or respond to OPLAs proposed PD. Pursuant to statute, OPLA serves as the exclusive representative of DHS in immigration removal proceedings before the Executive Office for Immigration Review, litigating all removal cases including those against criminal Visit the ICE Information Quality Standards page for more information. 500 12th Street SW, Mail Stop 5907 The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. We cultivate projects that support and defendvulnerable immigrant populations by: History has taught us that people who step up can make a difference. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S.