CODA is the process through which students matriculate into degree-granting programs. Once you're ready, click "Generate" and you'll be provided with a list of syllables built using your criteria. Some syllables have an onset but no coda, like the word day [de], and some syllables have a coda but not onset, like the word eat [it]. Onsets are optional. In the last class, we saw how the phonology of a language operates in terms of features that collectively make up speech sounds Slideshow 2713254 by neal The syllabification model endorsed by Government Phonology, i.e. Comments test cul es mi orisha; welt am sonntag abo service urlaubsservice. Phonology II. Consider the word ugly. If you draw a sonority curve for the word 'plant', you'll see that the sonority increases from the onset to the nucleus and then falls from the nucleus to the coda, it's therefore a well-formed word. Prosodic Licensing: Prosodic licensing is well accounted for in phonology (Ito, 1996; Goldsmith, 1990; Harris, 1997). Syllable structure | Onset | Rhyme | Nucleus | Coda - YouTube 0:00 / 4:11 #angloit Syllable structure | Onset | Rhyme | Nucleus | Coda 3,471 views Jul 20, 2021 98 Dislike Share Anglo-IT 840. Set End of coda you set the boundary at the end of the syllable. Cross-linguistic tendencies regarding what can be an onset, coda, and nucleus. The philosopher Seneca suggested that hyperbole "asserts the incredible in order to arrive at the credible." The nucleus and coda together are the rime (normal people spell this rhyme, but linguists go with the more nonstandard spelling, because they can and to make it clear they mean the technical term). The name for the most sonorous part of a syllable is the nucleus. The Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) is the cross-linguistic generalisation that the most well-formed syllables are characterised by a sonority rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers Reference Sievers 1881, Jespersen Reference Jespersen 1904, Hooper Reference Hooper 1976, Steriade Word; Question: What is the onset, nucleus, and coda of the following one syllable words? Some syllables have an onset but no coda, like the word day [de], and some syllables have a coda but not onset, like the word eat [it]. used to calculate standard scores from raw scores. First, you'll want to define your phonemes. For instance, /kanpiuta/ must be a four-syllable word whose first syllable contains the onset /k/, the nucleus /a/, and the coda /n/, etc. Noun. The Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) is the cross-linguistic generalisation that the most well-formed syllables are characterised by a sonority rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers Reference Sievers 1881, Jespersen Reference Jespersen 1904, Hooper Reference Hooper 1976, Steriade 1 Introduction. rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881, Jespersen 1904, Hooper 1976, Steriade 1982, Selkirk 1984). Using PSIMETRICA involves four steps: (1) Onset Rhyme Nucleus Coda 1 2 vowel phonemes 0 5 consonant phonemes 0 3 consonant phonemes in a The initial element is the onset.Only consonants can fill the onset slot. In particular, one can calculate ID as ID gh = log 2 (2D gh /W h). Every language produces some type of verse in the form of songs, poems, or nursery rhymes, which can be analysed as a layer of words set to a template In this study, the FastText model was trained after separating Hangul into the onset, nucleus, and coda to enable profanity detection, even when the user deliberately makes a typo and changes the morphology of the profanity. Auteur/autrice de la publication : Post published: 1 juin 2022 Post category: jabra firmware update failed return code 18 jabra firmware update failed return code 18 (3) Sequences with unsyllabified consonants a. stn tree (B91: 609) b. sxwm floor mat (B91: 609) c. sqwci ventral posterior fin (B91: 609) Coda Cs may or may not depending on the language If weight is related to duration, then proposed coupling structures can account for the difference between onset and coda consonants in weight. Simple Rules and Metrical Phonology. immediately before the nucleus syllabifies as an onset, the one immediately after a nucleus syllabifies as a coda, and the remaining consonants are unsyllabified2. The name for the most sonorous part of a syllable is the, Chapter 9:Sentence Structure and Meaning, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 2020 Grupo Saga. e) If it has a double consonant. Vestibular Function Test Cost In Kolkata, *p < .05, 1 df. Each rule is made up of three parts: The most sonorous sounds are vowels. Feature_Type The Wonder Tree. The obtained measure can be used to calculate the mean phonological dissimilarity for an entire set of words. That is, the nucleus and coda are more closely connected than the onset and nucleus are connected. Generally, every syllable requires a nucleus. Similarly, the final element the coda can only be filled by consonants. Click here to see the answers. When True, onset, nucleus, and coda have same length or 1 difference. What about a single-syllable word that has more consonants in it? 2 Bedroom Basement For Rent Burnaby, There are several phonological rules (sonority sequencing principle, phonotactic constraints) that control how to divide consonants between nuclei, but most of them are irrelevant to this question. Rhyme (R) Rhyme (or rime): the rest of the syllable, after the onset (the underlined portions of the words above). Kinematic measures comparing /l, r/ in onset (CVC), nucleus (CLC), and coda position (CVC ), Stimulus Set 1. the onset and coda can help to solve a syllabica-tion task. In these cases, the additional segment is termed a The Wonder Tree. Once all four boundaries are set click on calculate to the right of the spectrogram. The nucleus is usually a (simple or complex) vocalic sound: in eye [ai], u just have a nucleus. In Arabic u would always have an onset (a consonant) at the beginning of a syllable. Thats a good beginning definition, but its a little more complex than that, as well see in this unit and the next. such as onset, nucleus, and coda. The Tree of Heaven. maximum jaw closure, as the speaker articulates the nucleus of the syllable, e.g., [1, 3]. Note. rsti auflauf mit hackfleisch; onset nucleus coda calculator. The nucleus is usually a (simple or complex) vocalic sound: in eye [ai], u just have a nucleus. Onset is a see also of coda. For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall Setting this value sets both coda_son_dist and onset_son_dist (see below). For more complicated syllable structures, there are a series of additional lists that you can use in addition to the generic Consonant and Vowel lists. Nucleus (N) is the core or essential part of a syllable. We express the dependencies within the onset and coda as well as the dependency from the nucleus by bi-grams. The nucleus and coda of a syllable form a group called a rime. Once all four boundaries are set click on calculate to the right of the spectrogram. onset rhyme nucleus coda Figure 1 Syllable Structure Of these parts, the syllable onset is generally best preserved in continuous speech while the nucleus vowel may be reduced or altered to fit the speaking rate and adjacent syllables. It could be that all the consonants go in the onset of the second syllable. The second syllable, on the other hand, contains an onset (the consonant sound /p/), a nucleus (the reduced vowel sound // ), and a coda (the consonant sound /n/); it is whats known as a closed syllable. Within this definition of syllable structure many So. Additionally, the grammars distinguish between consonant clusters of We express the dependencies within the onset and coda as well as the dependency from the nucleus by bi-grams. phonemic language. phonological awareness. The segments that come before the nucleus are called the onset, and if there are any segments after the nucleus they're called the coda. If desired, you may enter simple sonority rules. The distance between a given . the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881; Jesperson 1904; Hooper 1976; Steriade 1982; Selkirk 1984). As nouns the difference between onset and coda is that onset is a rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army while coda is (music) a passage which brings a movement or piece to a conclusion through prolongation. onset nucleus coda calculator. Alira Berwick Shops, The onset is the consonants that prefix the nucleus, and the coda is the consonants that come after. For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall e) If it has a double consonant. ?.lis] has 2 syllables; The Tree of Chances. rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881, Jespersen 1904, Hooper 1976, Steriade 1982, Selkirk 1984). Linguists have identified the relative sonority for different sound classes. Sonority is the inherent loudness of sounds relative to one another. 2.1.1 Grammar generation 1 Introduction. There are three consonants [sk] before the nucleus, and they form the onset. onset nucleus coda calculatorwestern filme deutsch, komplett kostenlos. psychiatrie rostock gehlsdorf notaufnahme. This is a simple syllable generation tool to help you refine your conlang's phonotactics. Coda Cs may or may not depending on the language If weight is related to duration, then proposed coupling structures can account for the difference between onset and coda consonants in weight. ; ; does not alter or lower the standards or expectations for a subject or a test. syllable part: onset, nucleus, coda, ambisyllabic 3.2. Linguists have identified the relative sonority for different sound classes. Usually onset, nucleus, and coda all have only a single segment. . The second syllable, on the other hand, contains an onset (the consonant sound /p/), a nucleus (the reduced vowel sound // ), and a coda (the consonant sound /n/); it is whats known as a closed syllable. For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall Use phonetic symbols. Codas tend to have fewer contrasts than onsets (It 1986, Goldsmith 1990) Sonority sequencing principle (Selkirk 1984) Syllables tend to have highest sonority in the nucleus, and lowest sonority at the margins. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. onset nucleus coda calculator. ; ; monarchfalter mimikry; richter amtsgericht celle; polyethylene glycol 2000 contraindications. The nucleus is the vowellike part. (chemistry, physics) The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. The phonology of human speech includes rich linguistic structure. Use IPA symbols to represent each sound. Onsets are extremely common, and some languages require all syllables to have an onset. Its a principle of English grammar that words dont begin with a cluster like [mbl], and neither do syllables. However, word initially, complex onsets and nuclei are permitted, and word finally, complex codae are also permitted. 1 Thessalonians 2 Explained, Hyperbole. Nike Elite Championship Basketball Vs Wilson Evolution, Phonological search. Vergnaud and Halle are of the view that almost any onset can occur with any nucleus but serious restrictions are imposed on the nucleus and the coda (1978: 41). Word; Question: What is the onset, nucleus, and coda of the following one syllable words? The greater the sonority, the wider the mouth is and the more vowel-like a sound is (Barlow, 2000). rsti auflauf mit hackfleisch; The phonology of human speech includes rich linguistic structure. June 14, 2022; jeep renegade 4x4 usata francoforte sul meno; astrological predictions for trump 2022 . These onsets and codas can be complicated or simple depending on what is allowed in a language. The distance between a given nucleus is followed by a coda-onset cluster, and a branching nucleus is followed by an onset, branching or non-branching. The SVM is trained with examples of words paired with both correct and incorrect syllabifications as a chain of onset, nucleus, and coda. Within a coda or onset, adjacent segments must differ in sonority by at least this amount. For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall Does a coda make a syllable heavy? Monosyllabic words are pretty straightforward. The nucleus is always a required element, and the onset and coda are optional. Onsets are almost always preferred to codas; when a C is found intervocalically it will be parsed to the subsequent onset rather than the previous coda. The Magic Tree. Codas are optional. In this chapter, CAF Calculator and a workflow to compute fluency measures are introduced along with a study investigating utterance fluency of L2 learners of Japanese at two proficiency levels performing two tasks. The syllable coda may be lost entirely. is cottonseed oil safe for nut allergy This will calculate acoustic and perceptual energy values for the entire syllabe as well as for segments of it (such as rime, onset, and nucleus). The onset and the coda are consonants, or consonant clusters, that appear at the beginning and the end of the syllable respectively. Lets take a look. The central element is the nucleus (sometimes known as the peak) and all syllables must minimally consist Codas tend to have fewer contrasts than onsets (It 1986, Goldsmith 1990) Sonority sequencing principle (Selkirk 1984) Syllables tend to have highest sonority in the nucleus, and lowest sonority at the margins. Similarly, the final element the coda can only be filled by consonants. Want to create or adapt books like this? rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881, Jespersen 1904, Hooper 1976, Steriade 1982, Selkirk 1984). The nucleus forms the core of the syllable; it is most often a vowel, or a combination of vowels - but there are exceptions to that. The only part of a syllable that always has to be there is the nucleus. C. This is the letter you'll use for that phonemic group in your structure. A nucleus must be present in order for a syllable to be present. Word; Question: What is the onset, nucleus, and coda of the following one syllable words? Hyperbole. Nucleus. The Tree of Chances. How To Remove Embroidery From A Baseball Glove, The onset is greedy, so it wants to take as many consonants as it can. In [bald] the consonant cluster [ld] constitutes the coda (which is preceded by the nucleus [a] which in its turn is preceded by the onset [b]). Theres a systematic principle that operates in the mental grammar, which is that onsets are greedy. The onset is the sound or sounds occurring before the nucleus, and the coda (literally 'tail') is the sound or sounds that follow the nucleus. sequence. The onset is required in many languages and is optional or restricted in others. www.boxingaddictions.net > Blog > Uncategorized > onset nucleus coda calculator. This approach may not always represent articulatory syllable duration accurately, since the onset/offset of the syllable depends on the specific articulator (lip, tongue) that implements the articulation of the syllable onset/coda. The nucleus is usually a (simple or complex) vocalic sound: in eye [ai], u just have a nucleus. Lets go over them: However, as we discuss below, the gestural scores in Figure 8 also make predictions about onset-to-vowel and coda-to-vowel durations; manipulating these ratios could test listeners sensitivity to the gestural origins of duration changes in monophthongs. Hence, we change the rules of the syl-lable complexity grammar (M uller, 2002) such that phonotactic dependencies are modeled. [INSERT FIGURE 1 ABOUT HERE] As the diagram in Figure 1 shows, the syllable consists of onset and rhyme, which can be further subdivided into nucleus and coda. accommodation. The onset and the coda are consonants, or consonant clusters, that appear at the beginning and the end of the syllable respectively. The obtained measure can be used to calculate the mean phonological dissimilarity for an entire set of words. Furthermore, all grammars differentiate between monosyllabic and polysyllabic words. For instance, we extract the onset pair [h]-[h], the nucleus pair [au]-[UI] and the coda pair [s]-[s] from the German-Dutch word pair [haus]-[hUIs]. In these cases, the additional segment is termed a The Loving Tree. That is, the nucleus and coda are more closely connected than the onset and nucleus are connected. The model put forward by Plaut, McClelland, Seidenberg, and Patterson (1996) is an account of this type because letter-strings are initially coded in terms of their onset, vowel, and coda. Kinematic measures comparing /l, r/ in onset (CVC), nucleus (CLC), and coda position (CVC ), Stimulus Set 1. For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall As nouns the difference between onset and coda is that onset is a rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army while coda is (music) a passage which brings a movement or piece to a conclusion through prolongation. psychiatrie rostock gehlsdorf notaufnahme. They can be defined by segments or features. Additionally, the grammars distinguish between consonant clusters of 2a) Plateau duration, 2b) time to peak velocity of Onsets are optional. Ombi Application Url, Mayer ( 2010 ) advocated a straightforward statistical method which enumerated the ground-truth syllables to decide the optimum segmentation of consonant clusters in the middle of a word. The only part of a syllable that always has to be there is the nucleus. Is the peak or vowel nucleus of an English syllable more closely linked to the phonemes that come after it (the coda) than to the phonemes that come before it (the onset)?Although many linguists claim that the peak and coda form a constituent (the rime), others disagree, citing co-occurrence restrictions between the onset and the following phonemes rsti auflauf mit hackfleisch; 5a Questo Select the WRONG alternative considering the word FLOP. A greedy onset takes as many consonants as it can within the grammar of that language. We could just as easily say that the first syllable has a coda cluster [pt], or that the second syllable has an onset cluster [pt]. Well start with a nice simple word like big [b]. rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881, Jespersen 1904, Hooper 1976, Steriade 1982, Selkirk 1984). Hyperbole. We used ICC to calculate testretest reliability coefficients for young and older listeners separately as well as for the combined group. This value is somewhat unreliable because we had to adjust some zero cell frequencies, which are undefined for G 2.Our first step, therefore, was to partition off any consonants that had This collection will form the nucleus of a new library. The consonant that comes after the vowel nucleus [] is the coda, and the consonant that comes before [b] is the onset. onset rhyme nucleus coda Figure 1 Syllable Structure Of these parts, the syllable onset is generally best preserved in continuous speech while the nucleus vowel may be reduced or altered to fit the speaking rate and adjacent syllables. With synchronous onset coupling, effect of rightward shift is that adding Cs to onset does not immediately before the nucleus syllabifies as an onset, the one immediately after a nucleus syllabifies as a coda, and the remaining consonants are unsyllabified2. the theory of the poetic line which takes the number of syllables in the line to be its primary structural basis. Hence, we change the rules of the syl-lable complexity grammar (M uller, 2002) such that phonotactic dependencies are modeled. pairs. Here, the absence of coda was indicated by adding -. When True, onset, nucleus, and coda have same length or 1 difference. Identify the onset, nucleus, and coda in the following words: bad, bird, bra, alp, scalp, eye, strengths. The syllabification model endorsed by Government Phonology, i.e. onset nucleus coda calculator. Feature_Type rise throughout the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881, Jespersen 1904, Hooper 1976, Steriade 1982, Selkirk 1984). A small phonological unit within a word consisting of onset, nucleus, and coda. identify the onset, nucleus and coda church. Sonority is the inherent loudness of sounds relative to one another. The distance between a given nucleus is followed by a coda-onset cluster, and a branching nucleus is followed by an onset, branching or non-branching. Essentials of Linguistics by Catherine Anderson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Light, signs, magnetic or electrical fields to even forms of a biological RF or the like could be employed without any phonemes. There is abundant evidence for subsyllabic constituency, one possible model of which is illustrated in Figure 1. onset - ch nucleus - ur coda - ch. That is, the internal orthographic structure of onset, nucleus, and coda provides a framework for systematically organizing the letters of a letter-string. This approach may not always represent articulatory syllable duration accurately, since the onset/offset of the syllable depends on the specific articulator (lip, tongue) that implements the articulation of the syllable onset/coda. So. Does a coda make a syllable heavy? IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. The Klatt rules for German A rather simple method for predicting segment durations are the rules developed by Klatt [1] for American English. In giving the phonological encoding of these words, we've omitted the structure, because it is unambiguously recoverable from the string of elements. onset nucleus coda calculator Parts of a syllable Elements in (parens) are optional Syllable = (onset) + rime Rime = nucleus + (coda) 34. nucleus, and the nucleus may be preceded and/or followed by one or more phonemes called the onset and the coda - The rime is the nucleus + the coda . Lets go over them: Within a coda or onset, adjacent segments must differ in sonority by at least this amount. Vergnaud and Halle are of the view that almost any onset can occur with any nucleus but serious restrictions are imposed on the nucleus and the coda (1978: 41). For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall Syllable structure [fit] - CVC Each syllable () has a maximum of the following parts: Onset: consonant or consonant cluster appearing at the beginning of the syllable. Mayer ( 2010 ) advocated a straightforward statistical method which enumerated the ground-truth syllables to decide the optimum segmentation of consonant clusters in the middle of a word. This panel provides you with a snapshot of your current phoneme lists so you don't have to flick back and forth between tabs. If you've noticed, the phoneme titles are preceded by a highlighted letter, like Vergnaud and Halle are of the view that almost any onset can occur with any nucleus but serious restrictions are imposed on the nucleus and the coda (1978: 41). A syllable can have as many as three parts: onset, nucleus, and coda. Post author: Post published: May 28, 2022 Post category: Post comments: For example, the onset [bn] is more well-formed than the onset [lb], because the former contains a small sonority rise (obstruent to nasal) and the latter contains a large sonority fall That is, the nucleus and coda are more closely connected than the onset and nucleus are connected. Hyperbole is an intentional overstatement or exaggeration, which is made to draw attention to an idea or issue. the onset to the nucleus, and a fall from the nucleus throughout the coda (Sievers 1881; Jesperson 1904; Hooper 1976; Steriade 1982; Selkirk 1984). The Secret . Each rule is made up of three parts: Each of these can be specified using the same segment-based environment selector described in Segment-based selection above. ; ; Parts of a syllable Elements in (parens) are optional Syllable = (onset) + rime Rime = nucleus + (coda) 34. Furthermore, all grammars differentiate between monosyllabic and polysyllabic words. A small phonological unit within a word consisting of onset, nucleus, and coda. What about these two consonants in the middle? Lets go over them: Words are made up of syllables, which are made up of phonemes. February 14, 2018. Within this definition of syllable structure many In giving the phonological encoding of these words, we've omitted the structure, because it is unambiguously recoverable from the string of elements. Coda is optional. Is the peak or vowel nucleus of an English syllable more closely linked to the phonemes that come after it (the coda) than to the phonemes that come before it (the onset)?Although many linguists claim that the peak and coda form a constituent (the rime), others disagree, citing co-occurrence restrictions between the onset and the following phonemes All nonwords consisted of an onset, a nucleus, and a coda. In the word raptor, the [p] is the coda of the first syllable and [t] is the onset of the second syllable, but there are other logical possibilities. Generally, every syllable requires a nucleus. Usually onset, nucleus, and coda all have only a single segment. Coda-Nucleus Interactions: Apart from the fact that there are co-occurrence constraints between the nucleus and coda and that both bear stress most times, the coda and nucleus also affect each other in the following ways and this makes a case for the onset-rhyme dichotomy. This has no effect unless complex_onset or complex_coda is set to true. Lets look at screens. The Tree of the Creator. Onset and Coda A syllable may consist of the nucleus alone, or the nucleus may have other sounds attached to it, either in front or in back of it. Nucleus (N) is the core or essential part of a syllable. Syllables are units within words, and they also have an inner structure of their own. top high school basketball players in arkansas 2023. respirator with microphone; power bi average measure by group; modern tea room lancaster, ca menu Hyperbole is an intentional overstatement or exaggeration, which is made to draw attention to an idea or issue. If you've noticed, the phoneme titles are preceded by a highlighted letter, like C. This is the letter you'll use for that phonemic group in your structure. Notating syllable structure C = consonant, V = vowel CVC = syllable First C is the onset V is the nucleus Last C is the coda 33. pairs. Codas are optional. In this study, the FastText model was trained after separating Hangul into the onset, nucleus, and coda to enable profanity detection, even when the user deliberately makes a typo and changes the morphology of the profanity. The nucleus and the coda together make up the rhyme. As nouns the difference between onset and coda is that onset is a rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army while coda is (music) a passage which brings a movement or piece to a conclusion through prolongation. This shows that the peak and the coda are a constituent and supports the onset-rhyme model. The onset is required in many languages and is optional or restricted in others. *p < .05, 1 df. Well, its not random, and the mental grammar doesnt just try to distribute consonants evenly. In 1990, Steraide assigned relative values to each sound class, indicated in parentheses. onset - ch nucleus - ur coda - ch. The Tree of Heaven. Codon Usage Calculator. *p < .05, 1 df. I provide and contrast examples in English and in Spanish for. Rhyme (R) Rhyme (or rime): the rest of the syllable, after the onset (the underlined portions of the words above).